Lesson 4
Quantity and Amount: Comparisons of
quantifiers: Little, Few, Much, Many
Positive |
Comparative (��鹡���) |
Superlative (����٧�ش) |
little few much many |
less (than) fewer (than) more (than) more (than) |
the least the fewest the most the most |
1.
little ��� few
little: ���� � ���Сͺ�ӹ���Ѻ����� (uncountable)
�� Little ink is needed. = ��ͧ�����֡��§�Դ˹���
few: ���� � ���Сͺ����Ѻ�� (countable) ��پ���
�� Few boys are absent. = �����������§����褹 (᷺������âҴ)
2.
much ��� many
much: �ҡ � ���Сͺ�ӹ���Ѻ����� (uncountable)
�� There is much water in the jar. = �չ�Өӹǹ�ҡ��������
many: �ҡ � ���Сͺ�ӹ���Ѻ�� (countable)
�� There are many students in the classroom.
= �չѡ���¹���¤��������ͧ���¹
Adverb Clause of purpose (so that)
���ѹ�ҹ so that ��㹡�á���ǹӻ���¤��� �ʴ��ش���ʧ����������������˹�������
I save my money �ѹ�����Ѵ�Թ Jenny studied harder ਹ����ѹ���¹˹ѡ��� He is walking hurriedly ���պ�Թ Carl changed the oil ���������¹����ѹ |
so
(that) I can go on vacation. ���ͷ��ѹ�������ش�ѡ��͹ so (that) she
could study in the university. ���ͷ�����������¹����Է����� so (that) he
won�t be late. ���ͷ���������� so (that) his
car would function well. ���ͷ��ö�ͧ�Ҩзӧҹ��� |
As much/many as
��㹡��͸Ժ�� ������������ѹ ���� ���������������ѹ ������ٻẺ �ѧ���仹��
as much /
many (+ noun) + as + noun/pronoun (+ verb) |
as much as ��Ѻ�ӹ���Ѻ�����
-
Roger earns as
much money as Ryan. Roger
���Թ���ҡ���Ѻ Ryan.
-
You can eat
food as much as you like at Oishi Buffet. �س����ö�ҹ��������ҡ��ҷ��س��ͧ��÷�����ԪԺؿ࿵�
-
Andrews doesn�t
smoke as much as he used to. Andrews ����ٺ�������ҡ������͹������ٺ
as many as ��Ѻ�ӹ���Ѻ��
-
George bought
as many books as Peter did. George
����˹ѧ�������������ҡѺ��� Peter ����
-
Jane has as
many kids as Mary does. Jane
���١�ӹǹ��ҡѺ��� Mary ��
-
Fred knows as
many famous persons as Pete does. Fred
���Ѻ���ժ������§�ҡ���Ѻ��� Pete ���ѡ
Adverb Comparisons
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
much a little |
more (than) less (than) |
the most the least |
����¤ӡ���� 㹤���������� �ҡ (much/a little) �ҡ��� (more/less) ���� �ҡ����ش (the most/the least)
�� - Sam studies a
little before goes to bed every night. ����ҹ˹ѧ��ͷ��ǹ��硹��¡�͹��ҹ͹�ء�׹
-
Jane doesn�t
sleep much at night. ਹ�͹��Ѻ������ҡ㹵͹��ҧ�׹
- Nancy works more
than Bob does. She works 8 hours a day, but he works 6 hours a day.
ṹ���ӧҹ�ҡ���Һ�ͺ ṹ���ӧҹ�ѹ�� 8 ������� �� ��ͺ�ӧҹ�ѹ�� 6 �������
- My grandfather doesn�t
have to work anymore. He drives less than he used to.
�س���ͧ�ѹ�����ӧҹ���� ��ҹ�Ѻö���¡��ҷ���¢Ѻ
- Of all the students in
this class, Mary studies the most. �ҡ�ѡ���¹���������ͧ �����������¹����ش
- Of all the books I
read, I like this book the least. �ҡ˹ѧ��ͷ��������ѹ��ҹ �ѹ�ͺ���������·���ش
Vocabulary Lesson 4
Antifreeze (n.) = �ҡѹ����秵�� You should put antifreeze in your car�s engine in a cold
climate.
Circulate (v.) = �к���ҡ��
Please
turn on the fan to circulate the air in this room.
Combustible (adj.) = �Դ��� Keep combustible material away from fire.
Combustion (n.) = ��õԴ� �ѹ�Һ Combustion in engine is caused by the spark
plug.
Component (n.) = ͧ���Сͺ An electrical device has many components.
Coolant (n.) = �ѵ����������� Coolant
is fluid used for cooling engines.
Cylinder (n.) = ��к͡�ٺ
Eliminate (v.) = �ӨѴ, ����͡� We will eliminate his name from the list.
Exhaust (n.) = ������
External (adj.) = ��¹͡ Skin
is the external part of the body.
Internal (adj.) = ���� The heart is an internal organ of the body.
Filter (n.) = ��ǡ�ͧ
Friction (n.) = �ç���´�ҹ
In order to (prep.) = ���ͷ��� ... You
must study harder in order to pass the final exam.
Lubricate (v.) = ������� We lubricate the machine with oil.
Malfunction (n.) = �����Դ���� There
is a malfunction in the left engine.
Overhaul (n.) = ¡����ͧ There
are many malfunctions so your car need an overhaul.
Overheated (adj.) = ��͹�Թ� Our car is too hot. It is overheated.
Piston (n.) = �١�ٺ
Pressure (n.) = �������ѹ
Purpose (n.) = �˵ؼ�, �ش������� My purpose of studying hard is to graduate in this year.
Rebuild/Rebuilt/Rebuilt (v.) = ���ҧ���� I
rebuilt my house after the tornado.
Regulate (v.) = �Ǻ��� The gear regulate the speed of the car.
Speedometer (n.) = ����ͧ�Ѵ�������� The speedometer indicate the speed in mile per hour.
Tear/Tore/Torn down (v.) = ����� ������� We need to tear down the computer and rebuild it.
Thermostat (n.) = ����ͧ�Ǻ���������͹
Wear and tear (expression) = ����֡��� My uniform is very old. It has a lot of wear and tear.
Grammar Exercise Lesson 4
Complete each sentence with the correct quantifier from the box below.
little few less fewer
the least much many more the
fewest
the most |
1.
Ted put a lot of
sugar in his tea. However, his girlfriend puts a little sugar in her tea.
Ted put ________ sugar in his tea than his
girlfriend.
2.
Sam has been a
teacher for 10 years. Sonia has been a teacher for 3 years
Sonia has _________ teaching hours than Sam
does.
3.
Henry has
worked in ABC Company for 25 years. He is a very good boss.
________ employees
love him.
4.
M&A
Department Store is a very small store in this area, so it has ______________
customers of all department stores in the city.
5.
I don�t like
milk. Don�t put too _________ milk in it.
6.
History class
is very difficult. __________ students would like to
study this class.
7.
We don�t have
enough water in the dam because we have very _________ rain this year.
8.
We don�t have enough
water in the dam because we have _________ rain than last year.
9.
I took the
least photos during vacation but John took the _________ photos of all friends.
10. Larry drank a couple of beer. Steve drank 2
bottles of beer. Sam drank just one. Sam drank __________ beer of all.
Choose either as
much as or as many as to complete each sentence.
1. Peggy ate __________ cake _________ Peter
does.
2. Ted drive __________ kilometers to work
___________ Tom does.
3. Carlton drinks __________ coffee _________
Eddie does.
4. I don�t understand why Laura is hungry. She
had ____________ breakfast ________ I did.
5. Victor solved ____________ problems as
Andersons did.
Vocabulary
Exercise Lesson 4
combustible antifreeze eliminated overhaul malfunctioning
circulate wear
and tear components friction overheat
cylinder internal filter thermostat external
1.
Henderson�s car
is very old. He thinks his car needs an _____________.
2.
The sunscreen
is applied only on the __________ part of the body, not the __________ part.
3.
Gasoline is a
____________ liquid. It is flammable.
4.
We had to call
the mechanic last night because the water pump was _______________.
5.
The blood
_____________ through the body because of the heartbeat.
6.
The spark plug is
an important _______________ of the combustion system.
7.
I have been
using this uniform for many years. It has a lot of __________________.
8.
A _____________
regulates the temperature.
9.
When there is a
___________, the oil and grease can help reducing it.
10. A __________ is used for the purpose of
cleaning the fuel, air, or oil.
11. Exhaust gases are ____________ from the
engine.
12. Combustion takes place in the _____________.
13. You should add _____________ so the engine will not _____________.