Lesson 4

Quantity and Amount: Comparisons of quantifiers: Little, Few, Much, Many

 

Positive

Comparative (��鹡���)

Superlative (����٧�ش)

little

few

much

many

less (than)

fewer (than)

more (than)

more (than)

the least

the fewest

the most

the most

 

1.      little ��� few

little: ���� � ���Сͺ�ӹ���Ѻ����� (uncountable)

 ï¿½ï¿½  Little ink is needed.  =  ��ͧ�����֡��§�Դ˹���

few: ���� � ���Сͺ����Ѻ�� (countable) ��پ���

 ï¿½ï¿½  Few boys are absent.  =  �����������§����褹 (᷺������âҴ)

2.      much ��� many

much: �ҡ � ���Сͺ�ӹ���Ѻ����� (uncountable)

  ��  There is much water in the jar. = �չ�Өӹǹ�ҡ��������

many: �ҡ � ���Сͺ�ӹ���Ѻ�� (countable) 

                         ï¿½ï¿½  There are many students in the classroom. = �չѡ���¹���¤��������ͧ���¹

 

Adverb Clause of purpose (so that)

            ���ѹ�ҹ so that ��㹡�á���ǹӻ���¤��� �ʴ��ش���ʧ����������������˹�������

I save my money �ѹ�����Ѵ�Թ

Jenny studied harder  à¨¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¹Ë¹Ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

He is walking hurriedly  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Õºï¿½Ô¹

Carl changed the oil   ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ñ¹

so  (that) I can go on vacation. ���ͷ��ѹ�������ش�ѡ��͹

so (that) she could study in the university. ���ͷ�����������¹����Է�����

so (that) he won�t be late. ���ͷ����������

so (that) his car would function well. ���ͷ��ö�ͧ�Ҩзӧҹ���

 

As much/many as

��㹡��͸Ժ�� ������������ѹ ���� ���������������ѹ ������ٻẺ �ѧ���仹��

 

as much / many (+ noun) + as + noun/pronoun (+ verb)

       

as much as ��Ѻ�ӹ���Ѻ�����  

-          Roger earns as much money as Ryan.                   Roger ���Թ���ҡ���Ѻ Ryan.

-          You can eat food as much as you like at Oishi Buffet.    �س����ö�ҹ��������ҡ��ҷ��س��ͧ��÷�����ԪԺؿ࿵�

-          Andrews doesn�t smoke as much as he used to.  Andrews ����ٺ�������ҡ������͹������ٺ

as many as ��Ѻ�ӹ���Ѻ��

-          George bought as many books as Peter did.         George ����˹ѧ�������������ҡѺ��� Peter ����

-          Jane has as many kids as Mary does.                    Jane ���١�ӹǹ��ҡѺ��� Mary ��

-          Fred knows as many famous persons as Pete does.          Fred ���Ѻ���ժ������§�ҡ���Ѻ��� Pete ���ѡ

 

Adverb Comparisons

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

much

a little

more (than)

less (than)

the most

the least

 

����¤ӡ���� 㹤���������� �ҡ  (much/a little) �ҡ��� (more/less) ���� �ҡ����ش (the most/the least)

��        -     Sam studies a little before goes to bed every night.  ����ҹ˹ѧ��ͷ��ǹ��硹��¡�͹��ҹ͹�ء�׹

-          Jane doesn�t sleep much at night. ਹ�͹��Ѻ������ҡ㹵͹��ҧ�׹

-     Nancy works more than Bob does. She works 8 hours a day, but he works 6 hours a day.

         ṹ���ӧҹ�ҡ���Һ�ͺ ṹ���ӧҹ�ѹ�� 8 ������� �� ��ͺ�ӧҹ�ѹ�� 6 �������

-     My grandfather doesn�t have to work anymore. He drives less than he used to.

        �س���ͧ�ѹ�����ӧҹ���� ��ҹ�Ѻö���¡��ҷ���¢Ѻ

-     Of all the students in this class, Mary studies the most. �ҡ�ѡ���¹���������ͧ �����������¹����ش

-     Of all the books I read, I like this book the least. �ҡ˹ѧ��ͷ��������ѹ��ҹ �ѹ�ͺ���������·���ش

 

 

Vocabulary Lesson 4

Antifreeze (n.) = �ҡѹ����秵��                            You should put antifreeze in your car�s engine in a cold climate.

Circulate (v.) = �к���ҡ��                               Please turn on the fan to circulate the air in this room.

Combustible (adj.) = �Դ���                             Keep combustible material away from fire.

Combustion (n.) = ��õԴ� �ѹ�Һ                      Combustion in engine is caused by the spark plug.

Component (n.) = ͧ���Сͺ                             An electrical device has many components.

Coolant (n.) = �ѵ�����������                               Coolant is fluid used for cooling engines.

Cylinder (n.) = ��к͡�ٺ                      

Eliminate (v.) = �ӨѴ, ����͡�                           We will eliminate his name from the list.

Exhaust (n.) = ������

External (adj.) = ��¹͡                                    Skin is the external part of the body.

Internal (adj.) = ����                                      The heart is an internal organ of the body.

Filter (n.) = ��ǡ�ͧ

Friction (n.)  = �ç���´�ҹ

In order to (prep.) = ���ͷ��� ...                          You must study harder in order to pass the final exam.

Lubricate (v.) = �������                                      We lubricate the machine with oil.

Malfunction (n.) = �����Դ����                            There is a malfunction in the left engine.

Overhaul (n.) = ¡����ͧ                                     There are many malfunctions so your car need an overhaul.

Overheated (adj.) = ��͹�Թ�                            Our car is too hot. It is overheated.

Piston (n.) = �١�ٺ

Pressure (n.) = �������ѹ

Purpose (n.) = �˵ؼ�, �ش�������                           My purpose of studying hard is to graduate in this year.

Rebuild/Rebuilt/Rebuilt (v.) = ���ҧ����                        I rebuilt my house after the tornado.

Regulate (v.) = �Ǻ���                                       The gear regulate the speed of the car.

Speedometer (n.) = ����ͧ�Ѵ��������                     The speedometer indicate the speed in mile per hour.

Tear/Tore/Torn down (v.) = ����� �������          We need to tear down the computer and rebuild it.              

Thermostat (n.) = ����ͧ�Ǻ���������͹                 

Wear and tear (expression) = ����֡���             My uniform is very old. It has a lot of wear and tear.

 

 

Grammar Exercise Lesson 4

Complete each sentence with the correct quantifier from the box below.

   little              few                  less                  fewer               the least

  much             many               more                the fewest       the most

 

1.      Ted put a lot of sugar in his tea. However, his girlfriend puts a little sugar in her tea.

Ted put ________ sugar in his tea than his girlfriend.

2.      Sam has been a teacher for 10 years. Sonia has been a teacher for 3 years

Sonia has _________ teaching hours than Sam does.

3.      Henry has worked in ABC Company for 25 years. He is a very good boss.

________ employees love him.

4.      M&A Department Store is a very small store in this area, so it has ______________ customers of all department stores in the city.

5.      I don�t like milk. Don�t put too _________ milk in it.

6.      History class is very difficult. __________ students would like to study this class.

7.      We don�t have enough water in the dam because we have very _________ rain this year.

8.      We don�t have enough water in the dam because we have _________ rain than last year.

9.      I took the least photos during vacation but John took the _________ photos of all friends.

10.  Larry drank a couple of beer. Steve drank 2 bottles of beer. Sam drank just one. Sam drank __________ beer of all.

 

Choose either as much as or as many as to complete each sentence.

1.      Peggy ate __________ cake _________ Peter does.

2.      Ted drive __________ kilometers to work ___________ Tom does.

3.      Carlton drinks __________ coffee _________ Eddie does.

4.      I don�t understand why Laura is hungry. She had ____________ breakfast ________ I did.

5.      Victor solved ____________ problems as Andersons did.

 

 

Vocabulary Exercise Lesson 4

 

Use the words to complete the sentences

combustible           antifreeze                    eliminated                   overhaul                      malfunctioning

circulate                 wear and tear              components                 friction                        overheat         

cylinder                 internal                        filter                            thermostat                   external

 

1.      Henderson�s car is very old. He thinks his car needs an _____________.

2.      The sunscreen is applied only on the __________ part of the body, not the __________ part.

3.      Gasoline is a ____________ liquid. It is flammable.

4.      We had to call the mechanic last night because the water pump was _______________.

5.      The blood _____________ through the body because of the heartbeat.

6.      The spark plug is an important _______________ of the combustion system.

7.      I have been using this uniform for many years. It has a lot of __________________.

8.      A _____________ regulates the temperature.

9.      When there is a ___________, the oil and grease can help reducing it.

10.  A __________ is used for the purpose of cleaning the fuel, air, or oil.

11.  Exhaust gases are ____________ from the engine.

12.  Combustion takes place in the _____________.

13.  You should add _____________ so the engine will not _____________.